TABLE 9: Land requirements for biofuel production
| COUNTRY GROUPING |
2004 |
2030 |
| Reference scenario |
Alternative policy |
Second-generation |
| (Million ha) |
(Percentage of arable land) |
(Million ha) |
(Percentage of arable land) |
(Million ha) |
(Percentage of arable land) |
(Million ha) |
(Percentage of arable land) |
Note: – = negligible.
Sources: FAO, 2008a; IEA, 2006.
|
| Africa and Near East |
– |
– |
0.8 |
0.3 % |
0.9 |
0.3 % |
1.1 |
0.4 % |
| Developing Asia |
– |
– |
5.0 |
1.2 % |
10.2 |
2.5 % |
11.8 |
2.8 % |
| European Union |
2.6 |
1.2 % |
12.6 |
11.6 % |
15.7 |
14.5 % |
17.1 |
15.7 % |
| Latin America |
2.7 |
0.9 % |
3.5 |
2.4 % |
4.3 |
2.9 % |
5.0 |
3.4 % |
| OECD Pacific |
– |
– |
0.3 |
0.7 % |
1.0 |
2.1 % |
1.0 |
2.0 % |
| Transition economies |
– |
– |
0.1 |
0.1 % |
0.2 |
0.1 % |
0.2 |
0.1 % |
| United States of America and Canada |
8.4 |
1.9 % |
12 |
5.4 % |
20.4 |
9.2 % |
22.6 |
10.2 % |
| World |
13.8 |
1.0 % |
34.5 |
2.5 % |
52.8 |
3.8 % |
58.5 |
4.2 % |
Source: FAO, The State of Food and Agriculture, Biofuels: Prospects, Risks and Opportunities (2008) 
,
Chapter 4, p.45
Related publication:
Other Figures & Tables on this publication:
TABLE 1: Biofuel production by country, 2007
TABLE 2: Biofuel yields for different feedstocks and countries
TABLE 3: Hypothetical potential for ethanol from principal cereal and sugar crops
TABLE 4: Voluntary and mandatory bioenergy targets for transport fuels in G8+5
countries
TABLE 5: Applied tariffs on ethanol in selected countries
TABLE 6: Total support estimates for biofuels in selected OECD economies in 2006
TABLE 7: Approximate average and variable rates of support per litre of biofuel in
selected OECD economies
TABLE 8: Energy demand by source and sector: reference scenario
TABLE 9: Land requirements for biofuel production
TABLE 10: Water requirements for biofuel crops
TABLE 11: Import bills of total food and major food commodities for 2007 and their
percentage increase over 2006
TABLE 12: Net importers of petroleum products and major cereals, ranked by
prevalence of undernourishment
TABLE 13: Share of net staple food-seller households among urban, rural and total
households
Box 1: Other types of biomass for heat, power and transport
Box 2: Biotechnology applications for biofuels
Box 3: Biofuel policies in Brazil
Box 4: Biofuel policies in the United States of America
Box 5: Biofuel policies in the European Union
Box 6: Main sources of uncertainty for biofuel projections
Box 7: Biofuels and the World Trade Organization
Box 8: Biofuels and preferential trade initiatives
Box 9: The Global Bioenergy Partnership
Box 10: Biofuels and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Box 11: Jatropha – a “miracle” crop?
Box 12: Agricultural growth and poverty reduction
Box 13: Cotton in the Sahel
Box 14: Biofuel crops and the land issue in the United Republic of Tanzania
Figure 1: World primary energy demand by source, 2005
Figure 2: Total primary energy demand by source and region, 2005
Figure 3: Trends in consumption of transport biofuels
Figure 4: Biofuels – from feedstock to end use
Figure 5: Uses of biomass for energy
Figure 6: Conversion of agricultural feedstocks into liquid biofuels
Figure 7: Estimated ranges of fossil energy balances of selected fuel types
Figure 8: Support provided at different points in the biofuel supply chain
Figure 9: Biofuel production costs in selected countries, 2004 and 2007
Figure 10: Breakeven prices for crude oil and selected feedstocks in 2005
Figure 11: Breakeven prices for maize and crude oil in the United States of
America
Figure 12: Breakeven prices for maize and crude oil with and without subsidies
Figure 13: Maize and crude oil breakeven prices and observed prices, 2003–08
Figure 14: Price relationships between crude oil and other biofuel feedstocks,
2003-08
Figure 15: Food commodity price trends 1971–2007, with projections to 2017
Figure 16: Global ethanol production, trade and prices, with projections to 2017
Figure 17: Major ethanol producers, with projections to 2017
Figure 18: Global biodiesel production, trade and prices, with projections to 2017
Figure 19: Major biodiesel producers, with projections to 2017
Figure 20: Total impact of removing trade-distorting biofuel policies for ethanol,
2013–17 average
Figure 21: Total impact of removing trade-distorting biofuel policies for
biodiesel, 2013–17 average
Figure 22: Life-cycle analysis for greenhouse gas balances
Figure 23: Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of selected biofuels relative to
fossil fuels
Figure 24: Potential for cropland expansion
Figure 25: Potential for yield increase for selected biofuel feedstock crops
Figure 26: Potential for irrigated area expansion
Figure 27: Agricultural trade balance of least-developed countries
Figure 28: Distribution of poor net buyers and sellers of staple foods1
Figure 29: Average welfare gain/loss from a 10 percent increase in the price of
the main staple, by income (expenditure) quintile for rural and urban households
