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Case example 9: Kenya

“Muratina is an alcoholic drink made from sugar-cane and muratina fruit in Kenya. The fruit is cut in half, sun- dried and boiled in water. The water is removed and the fruit sun-dried again. The fruit is added to a small amount of sugar-cane juice and incubated in a warm place. The fruit is removed from the juice after 24 hours and sun-dried. The fruit is now added to a barrel of sugar-cane juice which is allowed to ferment for between one and four days. The final product has a sour alcoholic taste.

Source: The Schumacher Centre for Technology & Development (2004)”

Source & © WHO  Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004, p.21

Alcohol

Table 4: Top 20 countries with highest beverage-specific adult per capita [APC] consumption

Table 6: Rate of last year abstainers among the adult population

Table 7: Heavy drinkers among the adult population

Table 8: Heavy episodic drinkers among the adult population

Table 9: Alcohol dependence among adult population

Table 10: Heavy episodic drinkers among youths

Table 11: Heavy episodic drinkers among young adults aged 18-24 years old

Table 13: Relative risks for beneficial alcohol-related health effects for different drinking categories (compared to abstainers)

Table 15: Attributable fractions of acute alcohol-related health effects in the adult general population

Table 16: Global burden of disease in 2000 attributable to alcohol according to major disease categories (DALYs in 000s)

Table 17: Burden of disease in 2000 attributable to tobacco, alcohol and drugs by developing status and sex

Table 18: Characteristics of adult alcohol consumption in different regions of the world 2000 (population weighted averages)

Table 19: Alcohol-related harm in different regions of the world (population weighted averages), DALYs (000s)

Table 20: Selected population alcohol-attributable fractions, by disease category, sex and level of development (% DALYs for each cause) in 2000

Table 21: Standardized mortality rates (per 100 000) for acute and chronic disease and injury, by WHO regional subgroupings (data shown is for most recent year available)

Table 21 [bis]: Social and economic costs of alcohol abuse for selected countries

Figure 3: Population weighted means of the recorded adult per capita consumption in the WHO Regions 1961-1999

Figure 4: Model of alcohol consumption, mediating variables, and short-term and longterm consequences

Figure 5: Global disease burden (in DALYs) in 2001 from alcohol use disorders, by age group and sex

Figure 6: Global deaths in 2001 from alcohol use disorders, by age group and sex

Footnote on the meaning of "adults"

Table 3: Total recorded alcohol per capita consumption (15+)

Table 5: Estimated volume of unrecorded consumption in litres of pure alcohol per capita for population older than 15 for the years after 1995

Case example 1: India

Case example 2: Venezuela

Case example 3: Malaysia

Case example 4: Uganda

Case example 5: Botswana

Case example 6: Ethiopia

Case example 7: Egypt

Case example 8: Ghana

Case example 9: Kenya

Case example 10: United Republic of Tanzania

Case example 1: Botswana

Case example 2: Nepal

Case example 3: Cameroon

Case example 4: India

Case example 5: Malaysia