Table 1. Densities of ‘anthropogenic marine debris’ reported from beaches throughout the world. Adapted from Bravo et al. (2009).

2. Conclusions of the risk assessments for human health of DBP, DEHP, DINP and DIDP
Length of chain	C4-C8 phthalates		C9-C10 phthalates
	DBP Dibutyl-phthalate	DEHP Diethylexyl-phthalate	DINP Diisononyl-phthalate	DIDP Di-isodecyl-phthalate
2.1.Conclusion on the risk assessment for the workers	DBP is of no concern for workers with respect to acute effects, irritation, skin sensitization, carcinogenicity or reproductive toxicity. There is at present no need for further information, testing or risk reduction measures beyond those being applied already. There is concern for local effects due to repeated inhalation occupational exposure in all scenarios. For repeated exposure via skin, it is concluded that for one occupational exposure scenario, the use of products containing DBP in activities involving the use of aerosols, adverse health effects cannot be excluded.	DEHP is of no concern for workers with respect to acute toxicity, irritation, skin sensitization, cancer or effects on the inherited genetic material of cells. However, for those workers who repeatedly inhale, or have skin contact, DEHP might have toxic effects on the testis, fertility and kidney.	Exposure to DINP is of no concern for workers because they are well below the amounts that would cause harmful effects.	Exposure to DIDP is of no concern for workers because they are well below the amounts that would cause harmful effects.
2.2.Conclusion on the risk assessment of health effects in adult consumers	Estimated human exposure indicates no concern for consumers.	There is no risk for adverse health effects in significant exposure scenarios for consumers such as indoor air, car interiors and the use of PVC gloves. The only exposure that poses a potential health risk is via treatment with medical equipment containing DEHP, especially when it comes into direct contact with the blood.	Estimated exposures are of no concern.	There is no concern for health effects after chronic exposure of consumers in all exposure scenarios.
2.3.Conclusion on the risk assessment of health effects in neonates, infants and children	Estimated human exposure indicates no concern for breast-fed babies	There are concerns with regard to testicular effects, sexual development and toxicity to kidneys upon repeated exposure to toys and child-care articles via various routes of exposure. There is a health risk associated with use of medical equipment containing DEHP, especially in cases of direct blood contact.	Estimated exposures of newborns and infants are of no concern even for infants exposed to toys containing DINP.	There is concern for health effects in newborns and infants in the worst case exposure scenario assuming that all phthalates in toys and baby equipment are DIDP.

2. Conclusions of the risk assessments for human health of DBP, DEHP, DINP and DIDP