Fig. 1: Funnel plot of black smoke and "daily all cause mortality" in 47 studies.

This shows an asymmetrical distribution suggestive of publication bias

Fig. 2: Funnel plot of studies of PM10 and daily mortality used in the WHO (2000).

There is no evidence of bias in the test or the formal plot.

Fig. 3: Funnel plot of PM2.5 and daily mortality in North American studies.

There is moderate evidence of some bias. Formal test not significant (p<0.08)."

Source: WHO Regional Office for Europe  Health Aspects of Air Pollution - answers to follow-up questions from CAFE (2004), Section 5.2

Air Pollution Ozone

Table 2. Summary of meta-analysis of time-series studies published during the period 1996–2001

Table 3: Summary of studies measuring short-term effect on lung function

Table 4: Short-term effects of ozone on lung function, biological and other responses

Fig. 1: Funnel plot of black smoke and "daily all cause mortality" in 47 studies.

Table 1. Summary estimates for studies of PM10 and daily mortality by GAM or non-GAM statistical model and by single-city or multicity study design.