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Two principles of heredity were formulated by Gregor Mendel in 1866, based on his observations of the characteristics of pea plants from one generation to the next. The principles were somewhat modified by subsequent genetic research.
Source: GreenFacts
Mendel's Law of segregation: The characteristics of the offspring are derived from both maternal and paternal factors. Every individual has a pair of genes governing a particular characteristic (e.g. the color of the eyes). During the formation of sex cells each pair is separated (segregated) so that each sex cell (egg or sperm) carries only one form of each gene. The offspring thus receives one from each parent and this pair of genes determines how the caracteristic is expressed (e.g. whether the child's eyes are blue or brown).
Mendel's law of independent assortment: When considering more than one gene, Mendel noted that two characteristics do not always appear together. For instance a mother with blonde hair and blue eyes may have a blonde-haired child with brown eyes. Thus differnt characteristics can be independently inherited.
Source: GreenFacts
Español: Leyes de herencia de Mendel
Français: Lois de l'hérédité de Mendel
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